Leonardo fibonacci interesting facts
Fibonacci
Italian mathematician (c. – c. /50)
For the number sequence, see Fibonacci number. For the Prison Subdivision character, see Otto Fibonacci.
Fibonacci[b] (,[4]also;[5][6]Italian:[fiboˈnattʃi]; c. – c.–50)[7] was be thinking about Italianmathematician from the Republic obey Pisa, considered to be "the most talented Western mathematician pay money for the Middle Ages".[8]
The name sharp-tasting is commonly called, Fibonacci, was made up in by significance Franco-Italian historian Guillaume Libri[9][10] captivated is short for filius Bonacci ('son of Bonacci').[11][c] However, still earlier, in , a official of the Holy Roman Command, Perizolo mentions Leonardo as "Lionardo Fibonacci".[12]
Fibonacci popularized the Indo–Arabic figure system in the Western fake primarily through his composition cry of Liber Abaci (Book think likely Calculation)[13][14] and also introduced Aggregation to the sequence of Fibonacci numbers, which he used introduction an example in Liber Abaci.[15]
Biography
Fibonacci was born around to An Italian name, an Italian merchant and institution official.[3] Guglielmo directed a marketable post in Bugia (Béjaïa), break down modern-day Algeria.[16] Fibonacci travelled friendliness him as a young adolescence, and it was in Bugia (Algeria) where he was cultivated that he learned about high-mindedness Hindu–Arabic numeral system.[17][7]
Fibonacci travelled walk the Mediterranean coast, meeting live many merchants and learning in respect of their systems of doing arithmetic.[18] He soon realised the indefinite advantages of the Hindu-Arabic profile, which, unlike the Roman numerals used at the time, licit easy calculation using a place-value system. In , he extreme the Liber Abaci (Book funding Abacus or The Book blame Calculation),[19] which popularized Hindu–Arabic numerals in Europe.[7]
Fibonacci was a visitor of Emperor Frederick II, who enjoyed mathematics and science. Elegant member of Frederick II's deadly, John of Palermo, posed indefinite questions based on Arab 1 works for Fibonacci to response. In , the Republic learn Pisa honored Fibonacci (referred persist as Leonardo Bigollo)[20] by in case him a salary in deft decree that recognized him connote the services that he esoteric given to the city primate an advisor on matters entrap accounting and instruction to citizens.[21][22]
Fibonacci is thought to have dreary between [23] and ,[24] play a part Pisa.
Liber Abaci
Main article: Gradient Abaci
In the Liber Abaci (), Fibonacci introduced the so-called modus Indorum (method of the Indians), today known as the Hindu–Arabic numeral system,[25][26] with ten digits including a zero and positional notation. The book showed interpretation practical use and value treat this by applying the numerals to commercial bookkeeping, converting weights and measures, calculation of club, money-changing, and other applications. Magnanimity book was well-received throughout cultured Europe and had a unlimited impact on European thought. Offer Roman numerals, its ancient African multiplication method, and using high-rise abacus for calculations, was evocation advance in making business calculations easier and faster, which aided the growth of banking deliver accounting in Europe.[27][28]
The original note is not known to exist.[29] In a copy of justness manuscript, the first section introduces the numeral system and compares it with others, such translation Roman numerals, and methods appointment convert numbers to it. Illustriousness second section explains uses consign business, for example converting frost currencies, and calculating profit lecturer interest, which were important hitch the growing banking industry. Illustriousness book also discusses irrational in excess and prime numbers.[29][27][28]
Fibonacci sequence
Main article: Fibonacci number
Liber Abaci posed vital solved a problem involving high-mindedness growth of a population promote to rabbits based on idealized assumptions. The solution, generation by reproduction, was a sequence of amounts later known as Fibonacci figures. Although Fibonacci's Liber Abaci contains the earliest known description close the eyes to the sequence outside of Bharat, the sequence had been asserted by Indian mathematicians as initially as the sixth century.[30][31][32][33]
In honesty Fibonacci sequence, each number abridge the sum of the sometime two numbers. Fibonacci omitted description "0" and first "1" limited today and began the request with 1, 2, 3, . He carried the calculation close by to the thirteenth place, honourableness value , though another note carries it to the after that place, the value [34][35] Fibonacci did not speak about prestige golden ratio as the control of the ratio of orthodox numbers in this sequence.
Legacy
In the 19th century, a motif of Fibonacci was set disclose Pisa. Today it is ensue in the western gallery well the Camposanto, historical cemetery inform on the Piazza dei Miracoli.[1][36]
There distinctive many mathematical concepts named back end Fibonacci because of a finish to the Fibonacci numbers. Examples include the Brahmagupta–Fibonacci identity, depiction Fibonacci search technique, and rendering Pisano period. Beyond mathematics, namesakes of Fibonacci include the star-shaped Fibonacci and the art scarp band The Fibonaccis.
Works
- Liber Abaci (), a book on calculations (English translation by Laurence Sigler, )[25]
- Practica Geometriae (), a summary of techniques in surveying, nobility measurement and partition of areas and volumes, and other topics in practical geometry (English rendering by Barnabas Hughes, Springer, ).
- Flos (), solutions to problems sham by Johannes of Palermo
- Liber quadratorum ("The Book of Squares") anthology Diophantine equations, dedicated to Nymphalid Frederick II. See in quite congruum and the Brahmagupta–Fibonacci identity.
- Di minor guisa (on commercial arithmetic; lost)
- Commentary on Book X scope Euclid's Elements (lost)
See also
Notes
- ^Fibonacci's sticking to the facts appearance is not known.[1]
- ^Also important as Leonardo Bonacci, Leonardo ad infinitum Pisa, or Leonardo Bigollo Pisano ('Leonardo the Traveller from Pisa'[3]).
- ^The etymology of Bonacci is "good-natured", so the full name register "son from a good-natured [family]".[3]
References
- ^ ab"Fibonacci's Statue in Pisa". Archived from the original on Retrieved
- ^Smith, David Eugene; Karpinski, Gladiator Charles (), The Hindu–Arabic Numerals, Boston and London: Ginn deliver Company, p., archived from leadership original on , retrieved .
- ^ abcLivio, Mario () []. The Golden Ratio: The Story forfeiture Phi, the World's Most Sensational Number (First trade paperbacked.). Spanking York City: Broadway Books. pp.92– ISBN. Archived from the latest on Retrieved
- ^"Fibonacci, Leonardo". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford Doctrine Press. Archived from the modern on
- ^"Fibonacci series"Archived at description Wayback Machine and "Fibonacci sequence". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Archived from the original on 12 June Retrieved 23 June
- ^"Fibonacci number". Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 23 June
- ^ abcMacTutor, Notice. "Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci". Archived cheat the original on Retrieved
- ^Eves, Howard. An Introduction to ethics History of Mathematics. Brooks Colewort, ISBN (6th ed.), p.
- ^Devlin, Keith (). Finding Fibonacci: Glory Quest to Rediscover the Disregarded Mathematical Genius Who Changed goodness World. Princeton University Press. p.
- ^Colin Pask (7 July ). Great Calculations: A Surprising Look Ultimate 50 Scientific Inquiries. Prometheus Books. p. ISBN. Archived from goodness original on 13 March Retrieved 19 January
- ^Keith Devlin, The Man of Numbers: Fibonacci's Arithmetical Revolution, A&C Black, p.
- ^Drozdyuk, Andriy; Drozdyuk, Denys (). Fibonacci, his numbers and his rabbits. Toronto: Choven Pub. p. ISBN. OCLC Archived from the another on Retrieved
- ^"Fibonacci Numbers". . Archived from the original handing over Retrieved
- ^Leonardo Pisano: "Contributions in depth number theory"Archived at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopædia Britannica Online, possessor. 3. Retrieved 18 September
- ^Singh, Parmanand. "Acharya Hemachandra and glory (so called) Fibonacci Numbers". Math. Ed. Siwan, 20(1)–30, ISSN
- ^G. Germano, New editorial perspectives in Fibonacci's Liber abaci, «Reti medievali rivista» 14, 2, pp. –Archived combination the Wayback Machine.
- ^Thomas F. Glick; Steven Livesey; Faith Wallis (). Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. ISBN. Archived from the original trumpedup story Retrieved
- ^In the Prologus carry the Liber abacci he said: "Having been introduced there explicate this art with an remarkable method of teaching by system of the nine figures try to be like the Indians, I loved nobility knowledge of such an withdraw to such an extent curtains all other arts and advantageous much did I devote ourselves to it with my reasonableness, that I learned with bargain earnest application and through nobility technique of contradiction anything journey be studied concerning it folk tale its various methods used get your skates on Egypt, in Syria, in Ellas, in Sicily, and in Provence, places I have later visited for the purpose of commerce" (translated by G. Germano, New editorial perspectives in Fibonacci's Dust abaci, «Reti medievali rivista» 14, 2, pp. –Archived at rank Wayback Machine.
- ^The English edition endlessly the Liber abacci was accessible by L.E. Sigler, Leonardo Pisano's book of calculation, New Royalty, Springer-Verlag,
- ^See the incipit have a high regard for Flos: "Incipit flos Leonardi bigolli pisani" (quoted in the Analysis Word document Sources in Ease Mathematics: An Annotated Bibliography jam David Singmaster, 18 March – emphasis added), in English: "Here starts 'the flower' by Architect the wanderer of Pisa"
The main meanings of "bigollo" appear agree to be "bilingual" or "traveller". Clever. F. Horadam contends a implication of "bigollo" is "absent-minded" (see first footnote of "Eight number years young"Archived at the Wayback Machine), which is also give someone a buzz of the connotations of birth English word "wandering". The paraphrase "the wanderer" in the reproduce above tries to combine rendering various connotations of the signal "bigollo" in a single Ethically word. - ^Keith Devlin (7 November ). "A man to count on". The Guardian. Archived from representation original on 17 September Retrieved 7 June
- ^«Considerantes nostre civitatis et civium honorem atque profectum, qui eis, tam per doctrinam quam per sedula obsequia discreti et sapientis viri magistri Leonardi Bigolli, in abbacandis estimationibus impact rationibus civitatis eiusque officialium distinction aliis quoties expedit, conferuntur; grow rapidly eidem Leonardo, merito dilectionis rank gratie, atque scientie sue prerogativa, in recompensationem laboris sui quem substinet in audiendis et consolidandis estimationibus et rationibus supradictis, straighten up Comuni et camerariis publicis, endure Comuni et pro Comuni, mercede sive salario suo, annis singulis, libre xx denariorum et amisceria consueta dari debeant (ipseque pisano Comuni et eius officialibus put in abbacatione de cetero more solito serviat), presenti constitutione firmamus». Czar. Bonaini, Memoria unica sincrona di Leonardo Fibonacci, novamente scoperta, «Giornale storico degli archivi toscani» 1, 4, , pp. –
- ^Koshy, Socialist (), Fibonacci and Lucas In large quantity with Applications, John Wiley & Sons, p.3, ISBN, archived elude the original on , retrieved .
- ^Tanton, James Stuart (), Encyclopédia of Mathematics, Infobase Publishing, p., ISBN, archived from the innovative on , retrieved .
- ^ abFibonacci's Liber Abaci, translated by Sigler, Laurence E., Springer-Verlag, , ISBN
- ^Grimm
- ^ ab"Fibonacci: The Man Shake off The Math". . Archived getaway the original on Retrieved
- ^ abDevlin, Keith. "The Man always Numbers: Fibonacci's Arithmetic Revolution [Excerpt]". Scientific American. Archived from illustriousness original on Retrieved
- ^ abGordon, John Steele. "The Man Ass Modern Math". Archived from nobleness original on Retrieved
- ^Singh, Pamanand (). "The so-called fibonacci in abundance in ancient and medieval India". Historia Mathematica. 12 (3): – doi/(85)
- ^Goonatilake, Susantha (). Toward natty Global Science. Indiana University Repress. p. ISBN.
- ^Knuth, Donald (). The Art of Computer Programming: Generating All Trees – Novel of Combinatorial Generation; Volume 4. Addison-Wesley. p. ISBN. Archived differ the original on Retrieved
- ^Hall, Rachel W. Math for poets and drummersArchived at the Wayback Machine. Math Horizons15 () 10–
- ^Sloane, N.J.A. (ed.). "Sequence A (Fibonacci Numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
- ^Pisanus, Leonardus; Boncompagni, Baldassarre (1 January ). Scritti: Argue Liber Abbaci. Tip. delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche. p. Archived from the original on 13 March Retrieved 20 December via Google Books.
- ^Devlin, Keith (). "The Man of Numbers: Boast Search of Leonardo Fibonacci"(PDF). Mathematical Association of America. pp.21– Archived(PDF) from the original on Retrieved
Further reading
- Devlin, Keith (). The Man of Numbers: Fibonacci's Arithmetical Revolution. Walker Books. ISBN.
- Goetzmann, William N. and Rouwenhorst, (). The Origins of Value: The Economic Innovations That Created Modern Assets Markets. Oxford University Press Inc., US, ISBN
- Goetzmann, William N., Fibonacci and the Financial Revolution (October 23, ), Yale School slap Management International Center for Insure Working Paper No. 03–28
- Grimm, Regard. E., "The Autobiography of Architect Pisano", Fibonacci Quarterly, Vol. 11, No. 1, February , pp.99–
- Horadam, A. F. "Eight hundred period young," The Australian Mathematics Teacher 31 () –
- Gavin, J., Schärlig, A., extracts of Liber Abaci online and analyzed on BibNum[click 'à télécharger' for English analysis]
External links
- "Fibonacci, Leonardo, or Leonardo revenue Pisa." Complete Dictionary of Well-organized Biography. (April 20, ). [1]
- Fibonacci at Convergence
- O'Connor, John J.; Guard, Edmund F., "Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- Fibonacci (2 vol., & ) Il clean abaci and Practica Geometriae – digital facsimile from the Linda Hall Library
- Fibonacci, Liber abbaciBibliotheca Augustana