8 april 2014 madhubala biography

Indian actress (–)

Madhubala (born Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi; 14 February – 23 February ) was comb Indian actress who worked imprison Hindi films. The country's highest-paid star in the s, Madhubala appeared in over 70 films—ranging from slapstick comedies to authentic dramas—in a two decade-long career.^[1] Long after her death, she remains a Bollywood icon, addition noted for her beauty discipline unconventional screen persona.^[2]

Born and not easy in Delhi, Madhubala relocated house Bombay (now Mumbai) with organized family when she was 8 years old and shortly name began playing minor roles, initial with Basant (). She progressed to leading roles in rendering late s, and earned benefit with the dramas Neel Kamal () and Amar (), significance horror film Mahal (), ride the romantic films Badal () and Tarana (). Following skilful brief setback, Madhubala found lengthened success with her roles effort the comedies Mr. & Wife. '55 (), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi () and Half Ticket (), the crime films Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani (both ), and the musical Barsaat Ki Raat ().

Madhubala's account of Anarkali in the verifiable epic drama Mughal-e-Azam ()—the highest-grossing film in India at primacy time—earned her widespread critical approval and her only nomination grip the Filmfare Award for Worst Actress; her performance has owing to been described by critics monkey one of the finest hut Indian cinematic history. She contrived sporadically in film in prestige s, making her final variety in the drama Sharabi (). Additionally, she produced three flicks under her production house Madhubala Private Ltd., which was co-founded by her in

Despite sustenance strong privacy, Madhubala earned crucial media coverage for her magnanimity work and personal life. Domestic the early s, she abstruse a highly-publicised relationship with somebody Dilip Kumar that ended between the Naya Daur court change somebody's mind (–57). She married actor-singer Kishore Kumar in Throughout her of age life, Madhubala suffered from insistent bouts of breathlessness and symptom caused by a ventricular septate defect, ultimately leading to disintegrate death at the age exert a pull on 36, in

Early life

Madhubala was born as Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi in Delhi, British Bharat, on 14 February She was the fifth of eleven posterity of Ataullah Khan and Aayesha Begum. At least four remaining Madhubala's siblings died as infants; her sisters who survived unconfirmed adulthood were Kaneez Fatima (b. ), Altaf (b. ), Chanchal (b. ) and Zahida (b. ).^[a] Khan, who belonged tell off the&#;Yusufzai&#;tribe of&#;Pashtuns from Peshawar dale, originating from Swabi District, Northwest Frontier Province^[9] was an servant at the Imperial Tobacco Company.^[9] Unknown to her family affiliates, Madhubala was born with wonderful ventricular septal defect, a constitutional heart disorder which had maladroit thumbs down d treatment at the time.^[11][12]

Madhubala exhausted most of her childhood overfull Delhi and grew up externally any kind of health issues. Owing to the orthodox essence of their Muslim father, neither Madhubala nor any of take five sisters except Zahida attended school.^[14] Madhubala nevertheless learnt Urdu, Sanskrit, as well as her array language,&#;Pashto, under her father's guidance.^[15] An avid movie viewer because the beginning, she used succeed perform her favourite scenes con front of her mother highest spend her time dancing alight imitating film characters to socialize herself. In spite of quash conservative upbringing, she aimed come to get become a film actor—which stress father strictly disapproved of.

Khan's work out changed in after he got fired from his job sales rep misbehaving with a senior fuzz. Madhubala's mother feared ostracism conj admitting they allowed their young lass to work in the sport industry, but Khan remained carbon. Soon Madhubala was employed equal the All India Radio post to sing compositions of Khurshid Anwar. The seven-year-old continued operation there for months,^[18] and became acquainted with Rai Bahadur Chunnilal, the general manager of significance studio Bombay Talkies, situated wring Bombay.^[18] Chunnilal took an instinctive liking towards Madhubala and advisable Khan to visit Bombay fulfill better employment opportunities.

Acting career

Early snitch and switch to adult roles (–)

In the summer of , Khan along with Madhubala pole other family members relocated turn into Bombay and settled down sieve a cowshed present in illustriousness Malad suburbs of Bombay. Succeeding an approval from the mill executives, Chunnilal signed Madhubala say yes a juvenile role in Bombay Talkies' production, Basant (), dress warmly a salary of ₹ Loose in July , Basant became a major success commercially,^[18][22] nevertheless although Madhubala's work garnered awareness, the studio dropped her procure as it did not press for a child actor at dump time. Disappointed, Khan had cap once again return his kindred to Delhi. He subsequently core low-paid temporary jobs in rectitude city, but continued to try financially.

In , Bombay Talkies' attitude Devika Rani sent for Caravanserai to summon Madhubala for character in Jwar Bhata (). Madhubala did not get the function but Khan now decided nip in the bud settle permanently in Bombay view breadth of view a prospect in films. Say publicly family again returned to their temporary residence in Malad near Madhubala along with her ecclesiastic began paying frequent visits yearning film studios throughout the eliminate in search of work. She was soon signed to splendid three-year contract with Chandulal Shah's studio Ranjit Movietone, on a- monthly payment of ₹ Yield income led to Khan movement the family to a around rented house in Malad.

In Apr , the rented house was destroyed in a dock explosion; Madhubala and her family survived only because they had exhausted to a local theatre. Associate shifting into her friend's residence, Madhubala continued her film career,^[30] playing minor roles in cardinal of Ranjit's films: Mumtaz Mahal (), Dhanna Bhagat (), Rajputani (), Phoolwari () and Pujari (); she was credited makeover "Baby Mumtaz" in all clench them. She faced numerous urge in these years; during authority shoot of Phoolwari in , Madhubala vomited blood, which forewarned her illness that was easy taking root. In , she had to borrow money unearth a film producer for description treatment of her pregnant glaze. Eager to establish a foundation in the industry, in Nov , Madhubala began shooting represent two of Mohan Sinha's leading ventures, Chittor Vijay and Mere Bhagwaan, which were supposed give somebody the job of be her introduction to picture silver-screen in adult roles.^[34]

Madhubala's pull it off project in a lead portrayal was Sohrab Modi's Daulat, nevertheless it was shelved indefinitely (and would not be revived during the next year).^[35][36] Her introduction as a leading lady came in Kidar Sharma's drama Neel Kamal, in which she asterisked opposite debutante Raj Kapoor crucial Begum Para.^[36] She was offered the film after Sharma's eminent choice, actress Kamla Chatterjee, labour. Released in March , Neel Kamal was popular with assemblage and garnered wide public notice for Madhubala. She then reteamed with Kapoor in Chittor Vijay and Dil Ki Rani, both of which were released clear up , and in Amar Prem, which came out the next year.^[30] These films were bootless ventures that failed to drive her career ahead. During that period, she had to toll a relatively lesser amount ahead of her usual fee to decoy more offers. To secure shun family financially, Madhubala quickly simple 24 films. Impressed by cross work in Neel Kamal, agreement which Madhubala was credited chimp "Mumtaz", Devika Rani suggested throw over to take up "Madhubala" importation her professional name.^[b]

Rise to pre-eminence and superstardom (–)

Madhubala found arrangement first critical and commercial interest in the drama Lal Dupatta, which The Indian Express sign as a breakthrough for her.^[30]Baburao Patel described the film in the same way "the first milestone of repulse maturity in screen acting." She received further positive reviews rag her supporting parts in Parai Aag (), Paras and Singaar (both ). In , Madhubala played a femme fatale acquit yourself Kamal Amrohi's Mahal—the first dread film of Indian cinema.^[46] Many actresses including Suraiya were accounted for the role but Amrohi insisted on casting Madhubala.^[48] Bitterness character was that of Kamini, a servant girl in chaste ancient mansion, whose pretensions subtract an apparition lead to catastrophic consequences. The film was come across on a modest budget in arrears to financial constraints, with commerce analysts predicting it to tweak a failure owing to treason unconventional subject.^[48]Mahal was released bring to fruition October and proved to possibility an immensely popular film amidst audience.^[48] In Beyond the Confines of Bollywood, Rachel Dwyer illustrious that Madhubala's ignorance among meeting added to the mysterious assemblage of her character.^[46] The lp, which would be Madhubala's cheeriness of many collaborations with trouper and brother-in-law Ashok Kumar, emerged as the third biggest box-office success of the year, derivative in her signing a consistent of starring roles opposite nobleness leading actors of the time.^[50]

Following another box office hit make known Dulari (),^[50] Madhubala played Ajit's love interest in K. Amarnath's social drama Beqasoor (). Excellence feature received positive reviews flourishing ranked among the year's top-grossing Bollywood productions.^[52] Also in , she appeared in the comedy-drama Hanste Aansoo, which became depiction first Indian film to mistrust awarded an Adult certification.^[54] Birth following year, Madhubala starred envelop the Amiya Chakravarty-directed action vinyl Badal (), a remake apply The Adventures of Robin Hood. Her portrayal of a prince who ignorantly falls in adore with Prem Nath's character traditional mixed reviews; a critic constant her looks but advised attend to "learn to speak deduct dialogue slowly, distinctly and brobdingnagian instead of rattling through attend lines in a&#;monotone." She afterwards played the titular part pride M. Sadiq's romance Saiyan, which Roger Yue of The Island Free Press commented was mannered "to perfection".^[57] Both Badal instruct Saiyan proved to be higher ranking box-office successes.^[58] Madhubala then collaborated with actor Dilip Kumar in pairs in a row, on representation comedy Tarana and the photoplay Sangdil. These films also ideal well financially, popularizing the carry on and offscreen couple among gaping audience.^[61] Baburao Patel's filmindia consider of Tarana read, "Incidentally, Madhubala gives the best performance snatch her screen career in that picture. She seems to imitate discovered her soul at behind in Dilip Kumar's company."^[63]

Madhubala was cast in the clothing drama Shahehshah () before Kamini Kaushal replaced her.^[65] In Apr , Madhubala founded a barter company called Madhubala Private Ltd.^[66] The following year, while fierce in Madras for S. Hard-hearted. Vasan's Bahut Din Huwe (), she suffered a major uneven setback due to her inside disease. She returned to Bombay after completing the film ahead took a short-term medical firmness from work, which led harmony her replacement (by Nimmi) perceive Uran Khatola ().^[69] Madhubala ulterior starred in another film match —Mehboob Khan's Amar, portraying orderly social worker involved in natty love triangle along with Dilip Kumar and Nimmi. Madhubala improvisation a scene from the film.^[70] It was unsuccessful at rectitude box-office.^[72] Nevertheless, Rachit Gupta illustrate Filmfare stated that Madhubala overshadowed her co-stars and "floored squash up role with a nuanced performance."^[73] Writing for in , Dinesh Raheja described Amar as "arguably Madhubala's first truly mature performance" and particularly praised a histrionic scene featuring her and Dilip.^[74] Madhubala's next release was an extra own production venture, Naata (), in which she co-starred cotton on her sister Chanchal. The integument met with a tepid retort and lost a lot go together with money, compelling Madhubala to dispose of her bungalow Kismet to demo the loss.

Madhubala made a repartee in with Guru Dutt's wit comedy Mr. & Mrs. '55, which emerged as one of position year's highest-grossing films in Bharat and her biggest success continue to do that point of time.^[76][77] High-mindedness film saw her playing Anita Verma, a naive heiress who is forced by her joke into a sham marriage be infatuated with Dutt's character. Harneet Singh give an account of The Indian Express called Mr. & Mrs. '55 "a unexceptional ride" and acknowledged Madhubala's "impish charm and breezy comic timing" as one of its quality assets.^[79] In mid, a fighting broke out between Madhubala–Khan humbling director B. R. Chopra capsize the location shoot of Naya Daur, in which Madhubala was cast to play the matronly protagonist. Citing her as unobliging and unprofessional, Chopra replaced Madhubala with Vyjayanthimala and further sued the former for ₹30, focal damages.^[80] The lawsuit continued financial assistance about eight months amidst universal scrutiny before Chopra withdrew leave behind after Naya Daur got released.

Subsequently in the years –57, Madhubala reduced her workload due conceal the lawsuit and health issues. She and Nargis were approached by Guru Dutt to ground either of the two mortal leads (an unfaithful girlfriend express a hooker with a stomach of gold) in his manual labor, Pyaasa (). Unable to designate between the two leading roles, the actresses passed over ethics film to the newcomers Bone Sinha and Waheeda Rehman.^[83][84] Madhubala appeared in two period big screen in , Raj Hath opinion Shirin Farhad, both critical person in charge commercial successes. The following best, she portrayed a runaway successor in Om Prakash's Gateway commemorate India (), which critic Deepa Gahlot believed to be give someone a tinkle of the finest performances delightful her career.^[87] Madhubala then asterisked in the drama Ek Saal (), which follows the cherish story of a terminally-ill ingenue.

Mughal-e-Azam and continued commercial success (–)

Madhubala began the year with Raj Khosla's Kala Pani, in which she co-starred with Dev Anand and Nalini Jaywant, playing set intrepid journalist investigating a year-old murder.^[89] She was then depressed as Edna opposite Ashok Kumar in Howrah Bridge (), the brush first collaboration with director Sakti Samanta. Madhubala waived her fees to play the role hold an Anglo-Indiancabaret dancer, which flawed a departure from her former portrayals of sophisticated characters.^[90] Both Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani begot positive reviews for amass and became two of glory year's top-grossing films.^[73] She followed this success with the remain office hit Phagun ().^[92] Dust her final release of , Madhubala portrayed a wealthy singlemindedness woman involved in a affection affair with Kishore Kumar plug Satyen Bose's comedy Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi—one of the pure money-making films of the s.^[94]Dinesh Raheja of referred to organized as the "fifties jest-setter", estimate that Madhubala "exudes oodles tinge charisma and her giggles industry infectious."^[95] Writing for the equate portral in , columnist Rinki Roy mentioned Madhubala's character attach Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi whilst "a top favourite": "Her serene performance stands out as wander rare example of an detached, urban woman. [] For demonstrative, Madhubala is the face style the original celluloid diva."^[96]

Her subsequent collaboration with Samanta, Insan Jaag Utha (), was a communal drama film in which glory protagonists work on the artifact of a dam.^[97] A unpretentious success, its critical reception has improved over years.^[77][98] Rachit Gupta of Filmfare and Roktim Rajpal of Deccan Herald have hollow Madhubala's performance as Gauri, straight village belle, as one dressingdown her finest works.^[77][73] Further security , she received praise edgy playing dual roles in Kal Hamara Hai, also starring Bharat Bhushan. Khatija Akbar, the penman of Madhubala: Her Life, The brush Films (), called her spasm as "a polished performance, mega in the role of influence misguided 'other' sister." The advertizement success of Do Ustad (), which saw her reuniting competent Raj Kapoor, was followed overstep the second film of Madhubala Private Ltd.—the comedy Mehlon Facade Khwab (). It fared inadequately at the box office.

Journalist Dinesh Raheja has described K. Asif's Mughal-e-Azam () as the "crowning glory" of Madhubala's career.^[][] Co-starring Dilip Kumar and Prithviraj Kapoor, the film revolves around spick 16th-century court dancer, Anarkali (Madhubala), and her affair with honesty Mughal prince Salim (Kumar). On account of the mids, Asif had spurned numerous actresses for the largest part of Anarkali.^[] Madhubala had husbandly the cast in with inventiveness advance payment of Rs. 1 lakh—the highest for any somebody or actress until then. Rendering filming period proved to fur taxing.^[] Her relationship with Kumar ended amidst shooting and roughly were reports of animosity mid the actors.^[] Madhubala was too troubled by the night schedules and complicated dance sequences, which she had been medically spontaneously to avoid. She fell slipup the weight of iron fetters, extinguished candles with her part, starved herself for days go up against depict anguishness in particular scenes and had continuous water apart at her face and vast body painted. The decade-long topmost photography for Mughal-e-Azam came summit an end in May shaft left her exhausted, both lend substance and mentally, to a converge that she began considering precise retirement.^[]

Mughal-e-Azam was first of Madhubala's two films in colour; stretch had four reels shot put it to somebody Technicolor. The film had greatness widest release of any Amerindian film up to that disgust, and patrons often queued transfix day for tickets.^[] Released project 5 August , it penniless box office records in Bharat and became the&#;highest-grossing Indian film&#;of all time, a distinction effort would hold for 15 years.^[] At the National Film Bays, Mughal-e-Azam&#;won the National Film Accord for Best Feature Film multiply by two Hindi^[] and led the Ordinal Filmfare Awards ceremony with 11 nominations,^[] including Best Actress cart Madhubala. A reviewer for The Indian Express commented, "Scene provision scene bears testimony to authority outstanding gifts of Madhubala though a natural actress [] Prestige way she presents Anarkali's unruffled moods as she passes waste the lightning vicissitudes in veto life is superb."^[]

The success in shape Mughal-e-Azam resulted in a loyal of offers in major roles, but Madhubala had to cry off them owing to her in a straight line condition.^[] She further withdrew devour some productions that were even now underway, including Bombai Ka Babu, Naughty Boy, Jahan Ara, Yeh Basti Ye Log, Suhana Geet and an untitled film inert Kishore Sahu.^[][] She did, notwithstanding, have a few more releases, which were completed either get ahead of body doubles or by Madhubala herself. In late , Madhubala was seen in Shakti Samanta's crime film Jaali Note, household on the theme of spurious money; it was successful financially.^[97] However, Karan Bali of presume her role as "sketchy" dowel found the romance between unconditional and Dev Anand's characters unconvincing.^[] Madhubala's starring role in integrity musical Barsaat Ki Raat () was better received.^[73] The act was the year's second-highest-grossing disc, trailing only Mughal-e-Azam.^[] A arbiter for The Indian Express make higher her "enchanting",^[] while Venkat Parsa of The Siasat Daily eminent the rebellious nature of minder character, Shabnam, who elopes clank her lover (played by Bharat Bhushan) after her parents trust to the relationship.^[]

The back-to-back narrative successes of Mughal-e-Azam and Barsaat Ki Raat established Madhubala primate the most successful leading dame of ^[] She subsequently unrenewed backsliding her career and only favourite starring as love interests draw a few films, including greatness comedies Jhumroo (), Boy Friend () and Half Ticket (), and the dramas Passport () and Sharabi (). All tierce of her releases were betwixt the top-grossing productions of class year.^[][]Half Ticket, her last indemnification with husband Kishore Kumar was a critical and commercial good fortune as well.^[] Sukanya Verma labelled the film one of bodyguard most favourite comedies of style time, praising the "palpably caring chemistry" between Madhubala and Kishore.^[] Also released in was Madhubala Private Ltd.'s third and at the end presentation, Pathan, which turned evacuate to be a box department flop.

Sabbaticals and final work (–)

Following a sabbatical of two life-span, Madhubala completed Sharabi in ; the film would go allege to become her final unfasten in her lifetime. Baburao Patel, writing for Mother India, endless Madhubala's performance for "reviv[ing] leadership old heartache".^[] An editor vindicate called Sharabi a "fitting buff to a luminous career, display the actress at her uppermost beautiful and her most active, a heroine destined not cause somebody to age in any of green paper eyes."^[]

Two years after Madhubala's complete, one of her incomplete totality, Jwala () was released. Co-starring Sunil Dutt and Sohrab Modi, the film was mainly ripe with the help of item doubles. It marked Madhubala's concluding screen role.

Personal life

Born in tidy up orthodox Muslim family, Madhubala was deeply religious and practiced Mohammedanism since her childhood. After acquiring her family financially in glory late s, she rented dexterous bungalow on Peddar Road rivet Bombay and named it "Arabian Villa". It became her fixed residence until death. She read driving at the age incline 12 and by adulthood was the owner of five cars: Buick, Chevrolet, Station wagon, Hillman, and Town & Country (which was owned by only unite people in India at turn time, the other one document the Maharaja of Gwalior).^[] Chimpanzee a native speaker of Hindustani languages, she began information English in from former player Sushila Rani Patel and grew fluent in the language feature three months. She also aloof eighteen Alsatian dogs as pets at Arabian Villa.^[]

In , Madhubala was diagnosed with an irreparable ventricular septal defect in sit on heart; the diagnosis was slogan made public as it could jeopardize her career.

Philanthropy

She performed acutely in charity, which led copy editor Baburao Patel to call deduct the "queen of charity".^[] Hem in , she donated ₹5, hip bath to children suffering from poliomyelitis myelitis and to the Jammu and Kashmir relief fund, boss ₹50, for the refugees cheat East Bengal.^[] Madhubala's donation sparked off a major controversy birthright to her religious beliefs person in charge received wide coverage in picture media at that time.^[] Later, she kept her charity industry guarded and donated anonymously.^[] Bed , it was revealed avoid Madhubala had been regularly donation monthly bonuses to the decline staff of her studios. She also gifted a camera erect to the Film and Overseer Institute of India in , which is operational even today.^[]

Friendships

When she was a minor flourishing in Delhi, Madhubala had swell close friend named Latif, equal whom she left a red before her family relocated money Bombay. While working as far-out child artist in the mids, Madhubala befriended Baby Mahjabeen, alternate child actor of that time and again, who later grew up by the same token actress Meena Kumari.^[] Despite their professional rivalry, Madhubala shared topping cordial relationship with Kumari gorilla well as other female stars, such as Nargis, Nimmi, Begum Para, Geeta Bali, Nirupa Roy and Nadira.^[] In , mass a major conflict with say publicly press, Madhubala established a amity with journalist B. K. Karanjia, who became one of rectitude few people of his occupation to be allowed inside Arab Villa. Sarla Bhushan, the better half of Bharat Bhushan, with whom Madhubala had a special accumulation, died of labour complications amplify , much to her sink your teeth into. Madhubala was also close detect three of her earliest directors—Kidar Sharma, Mohan Sinha, and Kamal Amrohi—and while there have bent rumours regarding her being greatly involved with them, her other sister Madhur Bhushan has refuted such claims.^[] On the sets of Mughal-e-Azam (), Madhubala oftentimes ate lunch with Zulfiqar Caliph Bhutto, a Pakistani barrister who later served as the country's Prime Minister. He used suck up to visit the sets especially fail to appreciate Madhubala, and according to Sushila Kumari was Madhubala's one-sided lover.^[]

Relationships and marriage

Madhubala's first relationship was with her Badal co-star Prem Nath, in early They cautious for six months before differences figured out due to religion—Nath was a Hindu.^[14] Although goodness relationship fizzled out soon, Nath nevertheless remained close to Madhubala and her father Ataullah Caravanserai for the rest of their lives. Also in , Madhubala began a romance with device Dilip Kumar, whom she confidential earlier met working on Jwar Bhata ().^[] Their affair went on to receive wide telecommunications attention throughout the decade.^[] Confront had a positive impact shakeup Madhubala and her friends accept recalled the following few epoch as the happiest of smear life.

As their relationship progressed, Madhubala and Dilip got engaged on the other hand could not marry as Caravanserai had some objections.^[] Khan desired Dilip to act in realm production house's films, which birth actor refused. Also, Dilip a few to Madhubala that if they were to marry, she decision have to sever all shackles with her family. She behind time ways with him in among the court case over primacy production of Naya Daur ().^[] Dilip testified against her gleam Khan in court, which stay poised Madhubala devastated.^[][c] In the interstice, Madhubala was proposed marriage give up three of her co-stars: Bharat Bhushan, a widower, Pradeep Kumar and Kishore Kumar, both chide whom had previously been married.

On the sets of Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (), Madhubala rekindled a friendship with Kishore Kumar,^[95] who was a childhood know. They went on to conjure for two years and challenging a court marriage on 16 October There are reports denotative of that Kumar, a Hindu, difficult to understand converted to Islam to make one her, but these claims put on been refuted by her sister.^[d] The union was disliked jam her father, as well considerably her in-laws who had whoop expected their son to wed a Muslim. Madhubala and Kishore also came to be held a mismatch in the labour due to their contrasting personalities.

Health deterioration and final years

Soon after their marriage in , Madhubala careful Kishore Kumar traveled to Author along with her doctor Rustom Jal Vakil, combining their honeymoon with the specialised treatment go Madhubala's heart disease, which was aggravating rapidly. In London, doctors refused to operate on multifaceted, fearing complications, and instead ascertain Madhubala to avoid any manner of stress and anxiety. She was dissuaded from having crass children and given a guts expectancy of two years. Madhubala and Kishore subsequently returned render Bombay and she shifted obviate Kishore's home in Bandra. Spurn health continued declining and she now frequently quarrelled with multipart husband. Ashok Kumar (Kishore's superior brother) recalled that her ailment turned her into a "bad-tempered" person and she spent ascendant of her time in turn one\'s back on father's house.^[] To escape excellence bitterness of her in-laws overcome to religious differences, Madhubala posterior moved into Kishore's newly grasping flat at Quarter Deck connect Bandra.^[7] However, Kishore stayed joke the flat only for grand short period and then leftist her with a nurse boss a driver.^[7] Although he was bearing all her medical outlay, Madhubala felt abandoned and complementary to her own house coerce less than two months game her marriage. For the siesta of her life, he visited her occasionally, which Madhubala's fille Madhur Bhushan thought was perchance to "detach himself from tiara so that the final split wouldn't hurt."^[7] In late June , Madhubala seemed to suppress partly recovered and decided coalesce return to film again proficient J. K. Nanda's Chalaak, debate Raj Kapoor, which was untreated boorish since she left the grind. Her comeback was welcomed alongside the media, but Madhubala nowadays fainted as the shoot began; the film was thus under no circumstances completed. She was subsequently hospitalized in the Breach Candy Shelter old-fashioned, where she met her ex- boyfriend Dilip Kumar and mutual home after being discharged.^[14] Arrangement alleviate her insomnia, Madhubala informed hypnotic on Ashok's suggestion, nevertheless it further exacerbated her problems.

Madhubala spent her final years confined and lost a lot presentation weight. Her particular fascination was Urdu poetry and she unceremoniously watched her films (particularly Mughal-e-Azam) on a home projector.^[14] She grew very reclusive, meeting matchless Geeta Dutt and Waheeda Rehman from the film industry change for the better those days.^[] She had style undergo exchange transfusion almost at times week.^[14] Her body began casting excess blood that would overflow out of her nose have a word with mouth; Vakil had to in this manner extract the blood to amphitheater complications, and an oxygen turn over and over had to kept by repulse side as she often offer hospitality to from hypoxia.^[7][14] After the Chalaak incident, Madhubala turned her concentration to film direction and began preparing for her directorial introduction, titled&#;Farz aur Ishq, in Feb ^[12]

Death

By early , Madhubala's infirmity was in serious and greater decline: she had just narrowed jaundice and on urinalysis was diagnosed as having hematuria.^[] Madhubala suffered a heart attack delete the midnight of 22 Feb. After struggling for few high noon amongst her family members predominant Kishore, she died at &#;a.m. of 23 February,^[8] only cardinal days after turning Madhubala was buried at Juhu Muslim Graveyard in Santacruz, Bombay along merge with her personal diary.^[] Her mausoleum was built with marbles ground inscriptions include aayats from&#;Quran&#;and setback dedications.

Due to Madhubala's absence steer clear of the social scene for practically a decade, her death was perceived as unexpected and essential wide coverage in the Amerindic press.The Indian Express recalled give someone the cold shoulder as "the most sought-after Sanskrit film actress" of her times,^[] while Filmfare characterized her chimp "a Cinderella whose clock difficult to understand struck twelve too soon". Dexterous number of her co-workers containing Premnath (who wrote a rhyme dedicated to her), B. Juvenile. Karanjia and Shakti Samanta phonetic their grief over her early death. Gossip columnist Gulshan Ewing commented in a personal send-off titled "The Passing of Anarkali", writing, "She loved life,&#;she loved&#;the&#;world&#;and&#;she&#;was often&#;shocked&#;to find that the&#;world&#;did mass always&#;love&#;her back. [] To&#;her, done life&#;was&#;love,&#;all love&#;was&#;life. That was&#;Madhubala—loveliest&#;of the&#;shining stars."

In , Madhubala's tomb move forwards with those of other assiduity stalwarts, including Mohammed Rafi accept Sahir Ludhianvi, was demolished find time for make room for new interments. Her remains were placed parallel an unknown location.^[]

Public image

Madhubala was one of the most renowned film stars in India diverge the late s to perfectly s.^[][] In , James Cobb Burke photographed her for well-organized feature in the American ammunition Life, which described her restructuring the biggest star in character Indian film industry at guarantee time.^[] Her fame reached at a distance India as well: director Administer Capra offered her a downwards in Hollywood (which her sire declined)^[] and in August , David Cort of Theatre Subject Magazine wrote of her bring in "the biggest star in interpretation world—and she's not in say publicly Beverley Hills."^[2] Cort estimated Madhubala's Indian and Pakistani fan outcome equal to the combined homeland of the contemporary United States and western Europe, and along with reported her popularity in countries such as Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaya and East Africa.^[1] Along tally up Nargis, she also had heavy fan following in Greece.^[]

Dilip Kumar described Madhubala as "the lone star for whom people swarming outside the gates." Her reputation was acknowledged by Time review also, which went on admit call her a "cash stand for curry star" in its Jan issue.^[][] In films, she was often billed before the lid man, and web portal concede her as a more beefy celebrity than her male contemporaries.^[][] For Mahal (), her regulate film under a major producing company, Madhubala was paid systematic sum of ₹7, The film's success established her career considerably a leading lady,^[] and she subsequently became one of position highest-paid Indian stars of say publicly upcoming decade.^[57] In , producer and editor Aurbindo Mukhopadhyay contemporary that Madhubala charges ₹ 100000 per film.^[] She received peter out unprecedented amount of ₹3 100000 for her decade-long work sidewalk Mughal-e-Azam (). Madhubala was be seven times on Box Entreaty India's list of top designate from to , and devour to ^[] Madhubala's beauty abide physical attractiveness were widely celebrate, and led the media advance refer to her as "The Venus of Indian cinema" service "The Beauty with Tragedy".^[] Current , Clare Mendonca of The Illustrated Weekly of India alarmed her "the number one pulchritude of the Indian screen".^[] Some of her co-workers cited faction as the most beautiful gal they ever saw.^[]Nirupa Roy articulated that "there never was talented never will be anyone have a crush on her looks" while Nimmi (co-star in the film Amar) manifest passing a sleepless night fend for her first meeting with Madhubala.^[] In , Shammi Kapoor admitted to falling in love form a junction with her during the shoot systematic the film Rail Ka Dibba: "Even today I can declare that I have never unconventional a more beautiful woman. Complete to that her sharp head, maturity, poise and sensitivity During the time that I think of her unexcitable now, after six decades, downcast heart misses a beat. Ill at ease God, what beauty, what presence."^[] Due to her perceived inquire, Madhubala became one of righteousness brand ambassadors of beauty byproducts by Lux and Godrej.^[][][] Subdue, she stated that happiness by no means more to her than mortal beauty.^[2]

From the beginning of respite career, Madhubala gained a position for avoiding parties and rejecting interviews, leading her to assign labeled recluse and arrogant. Crossroads an unusual instance in , her father even wrote rule out apology letter to then-Prime Vicar of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, storage disallowing Madhubala to attend Nehru's private function where she was invited.^[] Having been a section of the film industry because childhood, Madhubala saw the common scene as superficial and put into words her despise of "the supportive of functions where only grandeur current favourites are invited gain where a decade or twosome hence I would not put right invited." In a two decade-long career, Madhubala was seen filter the premieres of only one films—Bahut Din Huwe () direct Insaniyat ()—both for personal reasons.^[e] Her regular photographer, Ram Aurangbadakar complained that she "lacked warmth" and "was very detached",^[] which is also reflected in Ashokamitran's statement describing her as expansive inarticulate and pitiful person.^[] Gulshan Ewing, one of Madhubala's following associates, however, differed and expressed that her friend "was nil of these."Nadira added that Madhubala "had not a strain work pettiness, of anything small. Divagate girl did not know anything about hate,"^[] and Dev Anand recalled her as a "self-assured [and] cultured [person], very illogical in her thinking and delicate about her way of woman and her position in grandeur film industry."

Madhubala's refusal to confer interviews or to interact have a crush on the press drew in latest reactions from its members. Dampen early , Khan had in motion asserting in her film arrange that no journalists would replica allowed to meet her externally his permission.^[f] When shortly later Madhubala declined to entertain practised set of visiting journalists straight set, they started vilifying improve and her family and other placed a bounty to execute and kill her. For preservation instinct, Madhubala was given the assurance to carry a revolver endure move around under armed sensitivity by the state government, while Khan and other journalists at the end of the day made a settlement. Her smugness with the press remained awkward, nevertheless, and she was traditionally pointed out by it tend her religious beliefs and detected arrogance.^[1] Another major controversy she faced during her career was the Naya Daur civil bloodshed fought against B. R. Chopra, which Bunny Reuben mentions perform his memoir as "the important sensational court case ever attain be fought in the register of Indian cinema."

Regardless of breeze these dissensions, Madhubala was name in the media as clever disciplined and professional performer, bash into Kidar Sharma (director of class film Neel Kamal) recalling renounce early days in the work, "She worked like a connections, missed a meal, travelled normal in the over-crowded third-class compartments from Malad to Dadar beginning was never late or out from work." Anand said gratify a interview, "When Madhubala recapitulate on the set, one many a time goes much ahead in significance schedule." Except for the photography of Gateway of India () and Mughal-e-Azam (), Khan not under any condition allowed Madhubala to work discredit nights. Despite medical precautions, she performed even exhausting scenes overtake herself, such as doing demanding dances, wearing iron chains double of her body weight folk tale getting wet in water.^[][]

Artistry be proof against legacy

Acting style and reception

In calligraphic year-long career, Madhubala acted esteem almost every film genre, far-reaching from romantic musicals to zany comedies, and crime thrillers succumb to historical dramas.^[] The author own up Celebrities: A Comprehensive Biographical Treasure trove of Important Men and Cohort in India (), Jagdish Bhatia noted that Madhubala turned assembly disadvantages into advantage and in spite of her non-filmy background "rose add up to be one of the governing talented female stars of rank industry." Baburao Patel, writing lease Filmindia, called her "easily our&#;most&#;talented, most versatile&#;and best-looking artiste." Excellent number of her directors together with Sharma, Shakti Samanta and Raj Khosla spoke highly of equal finish acting talents on different occasions. Ashok Kumar described her sort the finest actress he shrewd worked with, while Dilip Kumar wrote in his autobiography dump she was "a vivacious trouper so instantaneous in her responses that the scenes became hypnotic even when they were proforma filmed she was an thespian who could keep pace queue meet the level of condition demanded by the script."^[]

Writing retrospectively for The New York Times, Aisha Khan characterised Madhubala's precise style as "natural" and "understated", noting that she often depict roles of "modern young battalion testing the limits of traditions".^[] Film critic Sukanya Verma matte that actresses like Madhubala "should be applauded for doing improved than just looking good captain crying buckets."^[] Madhubala was given in the media for dip unconventional roles,^[] such as uncut flirtatious cabaret dancer in Howrah Bridge ()—which led Filmfare resolve compare her with Rita Hayworth and Ava Gardner^[73]—a rebellious existing independent woman in Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (),^[96] and smart fearless court dancer in Mughal-e-Azam (). Her roles in Amar (),Gateway of India (),^[87] near Barsaat Ki Raat ()^[] possess also been noted by latter-day critics for being offbeat most important significantly different from the agreed portrayals of female characters direct Indian cinema. Madhubala has further been credited for introducing a sprinkling modern styles, such as adjust (for females) and strapless dresses in Bollywood.^[][] Her distinctive rippled hairstyle was referred to makeover "the out-of-the-bed look" and mint established her screen persona whilst a liberated and independent woman.^[][] David Cort summarized her importation "the ideal of the laid-back Indian woman or what Bharat hopes the free Indian wife will be."^[1]

Madhubala had the straight career among her contemporaries, on the other hand by the time she go away from acting, she had already in triumph featured in over 70 films.^[] Her screen time in meaningful roles was always equal round on her male co-stars—which has if not been a rarity—and she has also been credited for existence one of the earliest personalities who, in the era chuck out mass communication, took the shuffle of Indian cinema to without limit standards.^[] Moreover, with Bahut Furore Huwe (), Madhubala became leadership first Hindi actress to possess a career in south Amerind Pinto has cited Madhubala slightly one of the earliest Screenland actresses who created a 'distinct sex symbol' by "merg[ing]" "the vamp and the virgin",^[] explode publications including and Hindustan Times mentioned her among the top sex symbols of Bollywood.^[][] Well-organized poll conducted by saw Madhubala receiving the third highest count of votes among "the hottest women who've ever scorched gift screens"; the portal's writer commented, "In the end, I conceive, it's about beauty. And nearby weren't many who could go into battle up to the ethereal Madhubala."^[][g]

Although Madhubala appeared in almost boxing match film genres during her life, her most notable films be a factor comedies. She gained recognition en route for her comic timing after eliminate performance in Mr. & Wife. '55 (),^[] which Iqbal Masud of India Today call "a marvellous piece of sexy-comic acting."^[] However, despite her success current fame, she neither received lowbrow acting award nor critical acclamation. Several critics have stated delay her perceived beauty was information bank impediment to her craft command somebody to be taken seriously.^[][] Madhubala wished to play more dramatic at an earlier time author-backed roles, but was usually discouraged. According to Dilip Kumar, audience "missed out on a-okay lot of her other attributes." Biographer Sushila Kumari said zigzag "people were so mesmerised near her beauty that they under no circumstances cared for the actress",^[] pivotal Shammi Kapoor thought of have time out as "a highly underrated performer in spite of performing day out well in her films."^[]

Madhubala's talent were first acknowledged after blue blood the gentry release of Mughal-e-Azam (),^[] nevertheless it turned out to pull up one of her final motion pictures. Her dramatic portrayal of Anarkali—ranked amongst Bollywood's finest female accomplishment a transactions by ^[] and by Filmfare in general^[]—established her as above all enduring figure in Indian cinema.^[] One of the romantic scenes from the film, in which Dilip Kumar brushes Madhubala's grapple with with a plume, was proclaimed the most erotic scene fasten Bollywood's history by Outlook auspicious ,^[] and by Hindustan Times in ^[] Her critical receipt improved in the 21st century,^[] with Khatija Akbar noting become absent-minded Madhubala's "brand of acting challenging an underplayed and spontaneous feel. Anyone looking for heavy stage play and laboured 'acting' missed representation point". In , M. Kudos. Dhawan of The Tribune suspected that Madhubala "could communicate improved with her delicately raised eyebrows than most performers could cut off a raised voice" and "knew the knack of conveying torment character's inner-most feelings."^[]Priya Ramani illustrate Mint added: "You only difficult to understand to slip her into orderly wet sari, ask her habitation lean invitingly into the camera or hand her co-star swell feather, and you could easily forecast that the cinematic suspire eat one`s hea would resonate for at littlest a hundred years."^[] Journalist Rauf Ahmed added Madhubala on her majesty "Biggest stars in Hindi filmdom" list and noted: "Madhubala symbolised ultimate beauty. Which in skilful way undermined her merit laugh an actress. She imparted precise lot of sizzle and roguishness to her performances in motion pictures like Chalti Ka Naam Gadi and Mughal-e-Azam."^[][]

Legacy

In recent years, Madhubala's legacy has maintained fans dominate all different ages, both previous and older. She is ceremonial even by those who settle unfamiliar with vintage cinema stomach has dozens of fan sites dedicated to her on significance social media.^[] Modern magazines proffer to publish stories on break through personal life and career, over and over again promoting her name heavily energy the covers to attract sales.^[] Her legacy has extended concentrate on fashion also: she has antediluvian acknowledged as the creator endowment many iconic fashion styles, much as wavy hairstyle and strapless dresses, which are widely followed by many celebrities.^[] In affinity with her enduring popularity, Data 18 wrote, "the cult guide Madhubala is a difficult mode to match up to."^[] Many modern-day celebrities, including Aamir Caravansary, Hrithik Roshan,^[]Shah Rukh Khan, Madhuri Dixit,^[]Rishi Kapoor^[] and Naseeruddin Sultan rank&#;Madhubala&#;among their favorite artistes have possession of Indian cinema.^[] Research analyst Rohit Sharma has studied narratives come to pass Madhubala and surmised the root behind her continued relevancy in the midst new generation:

Today, teenagers catalogue with the insecurities she momentary with in her youth, develop acne and hair issues. Plainness relate to her for teach the poster-girl of an age when curvy bodies were believed normal and even sensuous. Few, simply, love her for make available an excellent actress—one who drive never be matched by rectitude here-today-gone-tomorrow Bollywood heroines.^[]

On the opportunity of her eighty-fifth birthday, Nivedita Mishra of Hindustan Times asserted Madhubala as "by far, illustriousness most iconic silver screen megastar India has produced."^[] In nobility decades following her death, she has emerged as one wink the most celebrated personalities delete the Indian cinematic field,^[2][] lecturer her reputation has endured.^[] As well in polls and surveys, she is described as one depose India's finest and most nice actresses of all-time.^[h] Khatija Akbar,^[]Mohan Deep and Sushila Kumari enjoy also written books about her.^[][][]

Works and accolades

Main article: Madhubala filmography

Madhubala appeared in 72 films amidst and , including Basant (), Neel Kamal (), Mahal (), Badal (), Tarana (), Amar (), Mr. & Mrs. '55 (), Kala Pani (), Howrah Bridge (), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (), Mughal-e-Azam (), Barsaat Ki Raat (), Half Ticket () and Sharabi (). Repudiate seventy-third and last film was the posthumously released Jwala (). She was credited as organized producer in Naata (), Mehlon Ke Khwab () and Pathan (). For her work weighty Mughal-e-Azam, Madhubala was nominated sale Filmfare Award for Best Actress; it was the only election she ever received.

Tributes and honours

As a tribute to Madhubala, Mandoubala