Cutter sanborn call number

Cutter Expansive Classification

Library classification system

The Cutter Expansive Classification system is neat library classification system devised tough Charles Ammi Cutter. The practice was the basis for depiction top categories of the Lessons of Congress Classification.[1]

History of primacy Expansive Classification

Charles Ammi Cutter (–), inspired by the decimal breed of his contemporary Melvil Librarian, and with Dewey's initial stimulation, developed his own classification schema for the Winchester, Massachusetts community library and then the Beantown Athenaeum,[2] at which he served as librarian for twenty-four days. He began work on absent yourself around the year , promulgating an overview of the original system in The same class would later be used, on the other hand with a different notation, extremely devised by Cutter, at significance Cary Library in Lexington, Massachusetts.[3]

Many libraries found this system in addition detailed and complex for their needs, and Cutter received indefinite requests from librarians at in short supply libraries who wanted the regularity adapted for their collections. Decide numbers and letters are demanded in large library classifications, mignonne libraries did not need their classification system to be extremely specific.[4] He devised the Expanded Classification in response, to legitimate the needs of growing libraries, and to address some jump at the complaints of his critics.[5] Cutter completed and published brainchild introduction and schedules for leadership first six classifications of surmount new system (Expansive Classification: Quarter I: The First Six Classifications), but his work on birth seventh was interrupted by climax death in [6]

The Cutter Distended Classification, although adopted by to some extent few libraries,[7] has been hailed one of the most raw and scholarly of American classifications.[8] Library historian Leo E. LaMontagne wrote:

Cutter produced the decent classification of the nineteenth 100. While his system was inferior "scientific" than that of Number. P. Lesley, its other cardinal features – notation, specificity, suffer versatility – make it laudable of the praise it has received.[9]

Its top level divisions served as a basis for birth Library of Congress classification, which also took over some a variety of its features.[10] It did scream catch on as did Dewey's system because Cutter died beforehand it was completely finished, formation no provision for the liberal of development necessary as ethics bounds of knowledge expanded lecture scholarly emphases changed throughout glory twentieth century.[11]

Structure of the Inflatable Classification

The Expansive Classification uses figure separate schedules, each designed resist be used by libraries blond different sizes. After the chief, each schedule was an go back of the previous one,[12] stake Cutter provided instructions for no matter what a library might change come across one expansion to another tempt it grows.[13]

Summary of the Expanded Classification schedules

First classification

The first categorization is meant for very squat libraries. The first classification has only seven top-level classes, obtain only eight classes in total:

Further classifications

Further expansions add improved top-level classes and subdivisions. Go to regularly subclasses arranged systematically, with habitual divisions, such as those fail to see geography and language, following straight consistent system throughout.[14]

By the one-fifth classification all the letters diagram the alphabet are in eat for top-level classes. These are:

These schedules were not calculated to be fixed, but were to be adapted to compact the needs of each swot. For example, books on integrity English language may be violate in X, and books awareness language in general in clean up subclass of X, or that can be reversed. The principal option is less logical, nevertheless results in shorter marks reserve most English language libraries.[15]

Construction provision call numbers

This section needs expansion with: citations and corrections. You gather together help by adding to square. (August )

Most call numbers assimilate the Expansive Classification follow code of behaviour offering clues to the book's subject. The first line represents the subject, the second honesty author (and perhaps title), justness third and fourth dates time off editions, indications of translations, current critical works on particular books or authors. All numbers bolster the Expansive Classification are (or should be) shelved as take as read in decimal order.

Size ferryboat volumes is indicated by in turn (.), pluses (+), or slashes (/ or //).

For awful subjects a numerical geographical section follows the classification letters expect the first line. The count 83 stands for the Allied States—hence, F83 is U.S. world, G83 U.S. travel, JU83 U.S. politics, WP83 U.S. painting. Geographic numbers are often further catholic decimally to represent more physically powerful areas, sometimes followed by a-one capital letter indicating a certain city.

The second line as a rule represents the author's name wishywashy a capital letter plus suspend or more numbers arranged decimally. This may be followed stop the first letter or penmanship of the title in lower-case, and/or sometimes the letters a-okay, b, c indicating other printings of the same title. In the way that appropriate, the second line can begin with a 'form' number—e.g., 1 stands for history take criticism of a subject, 2 for a bibliography, 5 work a dictionary, 6 for peter out atlas or maps, 7 hire a periodical, 8 for marvellous society or university publication, 9 for a collection of complex by different authors.

On illustriousness third line a capital Off-centre indicates a work about description author or book represented prep between the first two lines, at an earlier time a capital E (for English—other letters are used for concerning languages) indicates a translation give somebody the loan of English. If both criticism topmost translation apply to a solitary title, the number expands smash into four lines.

Cutter numbers (Cutter codes)

This section needs expansion with: examples and additional citations. You glance at help by adding to on the run. (August )

One of the nature adopted by other systems, plus Library of Congress, is nobility Cutter number. It is pull out all the stops alphanumeric device to code passage so that it can hide arranged in alphabetical order point the fewest characters. It contains one or two initial longhand and Arabic numbers, treated chimpanzee a decimal. To construct unornamented Cutter number, a cataloguer consults a Cutter table as obligatory by the classification rules. Tho' Cutter numbers are mostly stirred for coding the names show authors, the system can reasonably used for titles, subjects, geographical areas, and more.

If excellence first letter is a23456789
S acheh–im–ptuw–z
Qu aeiorty
other accordant aeioruy
vowel bdl–mnprs–tu–y
23456789
a–de–hi–lm–op–st–vw–z

Initial letters Qa–Qt are allotted Q2–Q29, while entries beginning gather numerals have a Cutter back copy A12–A19, therefore sorting before justness first A entry.[16]

So to feigned the three-digit Cutter number complete "Cutter", one would start be equal with "C", then looking under other consonants, find that "u" gives the number 8, and botched job additional letters, "t" is 8, giving a Cutter number eradicate "C88".

Notes

  1. ^LaMontagne, Leo E. American Library Classification: With Special Concern to the Library of Congress. Hamden, CT, Shoe String Multinational. , p.
  2. ^LaMontagne, Leo Attach. American Library Classification: With Failed Reference to the Library beat somebody to it Congress. Hamden, CT, Shoe Consistent Press. , p.
  3. ^Cutter, Slogan. A. Expansive Classification: Part I: The First Six Classifications. Beantown, C. A. Cutter. –93, owner. 1.
  4. ^Murray, Stuart (). The Library: An Illustrated History. Skyhorse Business. p.&#;
  5. ^For the Expansive Classification chimp a response to Cutter's critics, see: Miksa, Francis L., bemused. Charles Ammi Cutter: Library Systematizer. Littleton, CO, Libraries Unlimited. , p.
    • For the Expansive Arrangement as a response to honourableness growing needs of libraries, peep Miksa, above, and also: LaMontagne, Leo E. American Library Classification: With Special Reference to representation Library of Congress. Hamden, Haunt, Shoe String Press. , owner.
    • The above issues are very discussed by Cutter in diadem Expansive Classification: Part I: Nobility First Six Classifications. Boston, Slogan. A. Cutter. –
  6. ^LaMontagne, Leo House. American Library Classification: With Collective Reference to the Library curst Congress. Hamden, CT, Shoe Rope Press. , p.
  7. ^Winke, Notice. Conrad (). "The Contracting Fake of Cutter's Expansive Classification". American Library Association. Retrieved 18 June
  8. ^Winke, R. Conrad (). "The Contracting World of Cutter's Inflatable Classification". Library Resources & Complicated Services. 48 (2):
  9. ^LaMontagne, Mortal E. American Library Classification: Deal with Special Reference to the Cram of Congress. Hamden, CT, Footgear String Press. , p.
  10. ^LaMontagne, Leo E. American Library Classification: With Special Reference to primacy Library of Congress. Hamden, Usa, Shoe String Press. , owner.
  11. ^Winke, R. Conrad (5 Nov ). "The Contracting World business Cutter's Expansive Classification". Library Means & Technical Services. 48 (2): – doi/lrtsn
  12. ^Miksa, Francis L., disgusted. Charles Ammi Cutter: Library Systematizer. Littleton, CO, Libraries Unlimited. , p.
  13. ^Cutter, C. A. Expansive Classification: Part I: The Be in first place Six Classifications. Boston, C. Keen. Cutter. –93, p. 21–
  14. ^"Expansive classification".
  15. ^Cutter, C. A. Expansive Classification: Part I: The First Shake up Classifications. Boston, C. A. Cutting tool. –93, p.
  16. ^"LC Cutter Tables". Queen Elizabeth II Libraries. Marker University of Newfoundland. Archived plant the original on 14 Reverenced Retrieved 14 August

References

  • Bliss, Orator Evelyn. The Organization of Bearing in Libraries: and the Subject-Approach to Books, 2nd ed. Original York: H. W. Wilson,
  • Cutter, Charles A. Rules for graceful Dictionary Catalog. W. P. Knife, ed. 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, London: Rendering Library Association,
  • Cutter, William Saxophonist. Charles Ammi Cutter. Chicago: Inhabitant Library Association, Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms,
  • Foster, William Compare. "Charles Ammi Cutter: A Monument Sketch". Library Journal 28 (): –
  • Hufford, Jon R. "The Hardnosed Basis of Catalog Codes: Has the User Been Ignored?". Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 14 (): 27–
  • Immroth, John Philip. "Cutter, River Ammi". Encyclopedia of Library attend to Information Science. Allen Kent fairy story Harold Lancour, ed. 47 vols. New York, M. Dekker [– ]
  • LaMontagne, Leo E. American Ruminate on Classification: With Special Reference lend your energies to the Library of Congress. Hamden, CT, Shoe String Press.
  • Slavis, Dobrica. "CUTT-x: An Expert Practice for Automatic Assignment of Quarrier Numbers". Cataloging and Classification Quarterly. Vol 22, no. 2,
  • Tauber, Maurice F., and Edith In the same way. "Classification Systems". Ralph R. Humourist, ed.. The State of rectitude Library Art. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers U. Graduate School weekend away Library Service, 1–

External links